Thermodynamics says entropy must increase, but is this observer-dependent like simultaneity? Could entropy flow or second law interpretations vary across reference frames in relativistic scenarios?
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Depending on the area of physics involved, entropy may or may not be reference frame dependent
In classical thermodynamics entropy is not reference frame dependent as it is a state function independent of the motion or position of the system as a whole.
Although I’m not conversant in statistical mechanics, it is my understanding that, in general, it is usually considered reference frame independent, depending on whether or not kinetic energy of motion of the system as a whole is included.
On the other hand, at relativistic velocities, it is my understanding it can be reference frame dependent.
Hope this helps.
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1$\begingroup$ Thank you for your response! However, I’m curious whether the second law of thermodynamics holds the same way for all observers in different inertial frames. Since relativity makes concepts like simultaneity frame-dependent, could two observers disagree on whether entropy increased during a process? If you know of any examples or references that explore how entropy behaves at relativistic speeds, I’d really appreciate it. $\endgroup$ Commented 15 hours ago
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1$\begingroup$ @Anushka_Grace It definitely holds in all non relativistic inertial frames $\endgroup$– Bob DCommented 15 hours ago
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Entropy is not frame dependent it is a measure of disorder . It is not relative like velocity , momentum etc. But it can happen for two individual to measure two different entropy change if both define their system boundary differently.
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2$\begingroup$ As it’s currently written, your answer is unclear. Please edit to add additional details that will help others understand how this addresses the question asked. You can find more information on how to write good answers in the help center. $\endgroup$– Community BotCommented 16 hours ago