Flutter build fails with core rendering errors after clean reinstall

Question

I have a fresh installation of Android Studio and Flutter. flutter doctor runs without any major errors.

When I try to run a new project, I get a long list of errors inside Flutter's own files, like

'Offset' isn't a type and Error: The getter 'CaretMetrics' isn't defined.

Things I have already tried:

• A full, clean reinstall of both Android Studio and the Flutter SDK.
• Running flutter clean and flutter pub get.
• Creating multiple new emulators.
• Setting the emulator graphics to 'Software - GLES 2.0'.
• Deleting all .android, .gradle, and AppData folders.
• Updating the system PATH variable.

Minimal Reproducible Example

This error happens with the default "Counter App" that is created when you run flutter create. The code is the standard main.dart file:

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

void main() {
  runApp(const MyApp());
}

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  const MyApp({super.key});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      title: 'Flutter Demo',
      theme: ThemeData(
        colorScheme: ColorScheme.fromSeed(seedColor: Colors.deepPurple),
        useMaterial3: true,
      ),
      home: const MyHomePage(title: 'Flutter Demo Home Page'),
    );
  }
}

class MyHomePage extends StatefulWidget {
  const MyHomePage({super.key, required this.title});

  final String title;

  @override
  State<MyHomePage> createState() => _MyHomePageState();
}

class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> {
  int _counter = 0;

  void _incrementCounter() {
    setState(() {
      _counter++;
    });
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        backgroundColor: Theme.of(context).colorScheme.inversePrimary,
        title: Text(widget.title),
      ),
      body: Center(
        child: Column(
          mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
          children: <Widget>[
            const Text(
              'You have pushed the button this many times:',
            ),
            Text(
              '$_counter',
              style: Theme.of(context).textTheme.headlineMedium,
            ),
          ],
        ),
      ),
      floatingActionButton: FloatingActionButton(
        onPressed: _incrementCounter,
        tooltip: 'Increment',
        child: const Icon(Icons.add),
      ),
    );
  }
}