Surprisingly I couldn't find anything in the faq about this.
Stack Exchange is divided into (currently) 173182 Q&A communities (the number on that page should be updated), commonly referred to as "sites". Here is a list of them. I guess they are similar to subreddits, but obviously we have a lot fewer of them. There may be some overlap between sites but unlike subreddits, it's usually minimal.
Each site has a corresponding meta site for discussion about/support for/etc. the site; the one you're on now is about the entire network, so you've come to the right place with your question.
Questions on a site are further organized by tags, and especially on larger sites like Stack Overflow, subcommunities may form around themthe largest of those tags (usually programming languages).